Office on Smoking and Health Media Network June 2014 e-Bulletin

Call for Abstracts/PROPOSALS/NOMINATIONS/APPLICATIONS

·         New Funding Opportunity Announcements.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has released new funding opportunity announcements to advance the nation's chronic disease prevention and health promotion efforts. 

·         Partnerships to Improve Community Health (PICH). CDC-RFA-DP14-1417

·         State and Local Public Health Actions to Prevent Obesity, Diabetes, Heart Disease and Stroke financed solely by Prevention and Public Health Funds. CDC-RFA-DP14-1422

·         A Comprehensive Approach to Good Health and Wellness in Indian Country financed solely by 2014 Prevention and Public Health Funds. CDC-DP14-1421PPHF14

·         Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) financed in part by Prevention and Public Health Funding. CDC-RFA-DP14-1419PPHF14

 

CONFERENCES/TRAININGS/Events

·         Warner Lecture Series:  One-on-One with Mitch Zeller.  June 11, 2014, 12:00-1:30 pm ET.  Legacy Foundation.  Mitch Zeller, director of the FDA Center for Tobacco Products, will present the Center's vision for the regulation of tobacco products to help reduce the death and disease toll caused by tobacco use.

·         How to Tell Your Public Health Story.  June 16, 2014, 3-4 p.m. ET.  American Lung Association. How to use storytelling to motivate healthy change in the community. 

·         Tobacco Cessation, Medicaid and the ACA: What’s New in 2014? June 18, 2014, 2:00-3:00 pm ET.   American Lung Association.  How the Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation is affecting Medicaid coverage of tobacco cessation. 

·         Geographic Health Equity Symposium.  July 25, 2014, 9:30 am - 3:00 pm, Orlando, FL.  (Immediately following CADCA's 2014 Mid-Year Training Institute).  Focusing on social change interventions impacting tobacco and cancer-related geographic health disparities.

·         Coordinator Camp 2014: Make Tobacco History: Mobilizing Youth to End the Tobacco Epidemic. August 13-15, 2014, New Orleans, LA. Youth Engagement Alliance for Tobacco Control.  Brings together coordinators that work with youth tobacco control programs to learn about best practices in youth tobacco initiatives, to share ideas and to strategize about how to mobilize youth to end the tobacco epidemic.  Registration closes July 10, 2014. 

·         Eighth Annual National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing, and Media. August 19 – 21, 2014, Atlanta, GA.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Public Health Information Coalition. The conference is an excellent opportunity to learn, share knowledge, meet with colleagues and shape the future of health communication, marketing, and media practice.

EVALUATION:  Counter-Marketing or Media Analysis

·         Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Online, Radio and Print Tobacco Control Advertisements Targeting 25-39 Year-Old Males. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (Epub ahead of print, Apr 22, 2014). Online advertising may be a highly cost-effective channel for low-budget tobacco control media campaigns.

·         Predicting Health: The Interplay between Interpersonal Communication and Health Campaigns.  Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives (May 2014).  Health campaign exposure moderates the influence of interpersonal communication on health variables.

·         Conceptual, Empirical, and Practical Issues in Developing Valid Measures of Public Communication Campaign Exposure.  Communication Methods and Measures (Published online: May 23, 2014).  This outlines conceptual, empirical, and practical issues in developing valid measures of campaign exposure.

·         The Origins of Personal Responsibility Rhetoric in News Coverage of the Tobacco Industry.  American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014). Industry representatives began to regularly use these arguments in 1977. By the mid-1980s, this frame dominated the industry’s public arguments.

FLAVORED TOBACCCO (Including Menthol)

 ·         Candy Flavorings in Tobacco. New England Journal of Medicine (Epub ahead of print, May 7, 2014).  The same, familiar, chemical-specific flavor sensory cues that are associated with fruit flavors in popular candy and drink products are being exploited in the engineered designs of flavored tobacco products. What we are seeing is truly candy-flavored tobacco.

OTHER PRODUCTS:  Smokeless, Cigars, Hookahs, e-Cigarettes, etc.

 ·         Lifetime Cumulative Exposure to Waterpipe Smoking Is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Atherosclerosis (Apr 15, 2014). Cumulative exposure is significantly associated with severe CAD.

·         Nicotine and Carcinogen Exposure after Water Pipe Smoking in Hookah Bars. Journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention (Published Online First May 16, 2014). Water pipe smoking is associated with significant nicotine intake and carcinogen exposure.

·         Electronic Cigarettes: Smoke-Free Laws, Sale Restrictions, and the Public Health.  American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014). Discusses the public health impact of e-cigarettes and the current lack of FDA regulation.

·         Carbonyl Compounds in Electronic Cigarette (EC) Vapors-Effects of Nicotine Solvent and Battery Output Voltage. Nicotine and Tobacco Research (Epub ahead of print, May 15, 2014). Vapors from EC contain toxic and carcinogenic carbonyl compounds. Both solvent and battery output voltage significantly affect levels of carbonyl compounds in EC vapors. High-voltage EC may expose users to high levels of carbonyl compounds. 

·         How U.S. Adults Find Out About Electronic Cigarettes: Implications for Public Health Messages. Nicotine and Tobacco Research (Epub ahead of print, Apr 22, 2014).  Nearly all U.S. adults had heard of e-cigarettes in 2013.

·         E-Cigarette Awareness and Perceived Harmfulness: Prevalence and Associations with Smoking-Cessation Outcomes.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine (Epub ahead of print, Apr 28, 2014). Overall e-cigarette awareness increased whereas the proportion of smokers who perceived less harm of e-cigarettes declined compared with earlier surveys.

·         Epidemiological Trends in Electronic Cigarette Exposures Reported to U.S. Poison Centers.  Clinical Toxicology (Epub ahead of print, May 5, 2014). The majority of exposures to e-cigarette devices and components occurred in children of 5 years or below due to accidental exposure.

·         Passive Exposure to Electronic Cigarette (e-cigarette) use Increases Desire for Combustible and E-cigarettes in Young Adult Smokers. Tobacco Control, Published Online First May 21, 2014). Electronic cigarette exposure may evoke smoking urges in young adult daily smokers.

·         Background Paper on E-cigarettes.  UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education (Dec 2013).  Prepared for the 7th Meeting of the World Health Organization (WHO) Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. 

·         Electronic Cigarettes in North America: History, Use, and Implications for Smoking Cessation. Circulation (May 13, 2014). Reviews the available data on the efficacy and safety of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and considers issues relevant to the context in which they are used, including product awareness and regulatory and ethical concerns.

PACKAGE DESIGN & WARNING LABELS

 ·         Effect of Graphic Cigarette Warnings on Smoking Intentions in Young Adults. PLoS One (May 7, 2014). Graphic warnings lowered intention to smoke in the future among occasional smokers with a moderate lifetime smoking history, and they increased intention to quit smoking among those with a heavy lifetime smoking history.

RESOURCES:  Tobacco-Related

 ·         Potentially Preventable Deaths from the Five Leading Causes of Death — United States, 2008–2010.  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (May 2, 2014).  In 2010, the top five causes of death in the United States were 1) diseases of the heart, 2) cancer, 3) chronic lower respiratory diseases, 4) cerebrovascular diseases (stroke), and 5) unintentional injuries.  Tobacco is implicated in the top 4 causes of preventable death. 

·         Making It Harder to Smoke and Easier to Quit: The Effect of 10 Years of Tobacco Control in New York City.  American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014). The adult smoking rate declined by 28% from 2002 to 2012, and the youth smoking rate declined by 52% from 2001 to 2011.

·         Data Release of State Appropriation and Expenditures Funding Data for Tobacco Control in the State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System.  CDC/OSH.  Data of 1991-2011 state appropriations and 2008-2011 state expenditures for tobacco control.  The data are accessible through the detailed and state comparison reports, interactive maps, and excel data file downloads. 

·         How the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Affects Tobacco Use and Control.  Tobacco Control Legal Consortium (Mar 2014). This fact sheet summarizes the main provisions of the ACA that impact tobacco use and control.  

·         Policy Tools for Minimizing Public Health and Environmental Effects of Cigarette Waste. The Tobacco Control Legal Consortium (2014).  An update of a guide on measures to minimize the adverse public health and environmental effects of cigarette waste. 

RESOURCES:  General Media/Communications

 ·         10 Types of Images to Boost Your Social Media Engagement. Mashable (Bob Cargill, Apr 24, 2014).  Studies and statistics suggest that images on social media command more attention than text alone. 

SECONDHAND SMOKE (SHS)/CLEAN INDOOR AIR (CIA)

 ·         Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Attitudes toward Smoke-free Workplaces among Employed U.S. Adults: Findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey.  Nicotine and Tobacco Research (First published online: May 8, 2014). 84% of all employed adults in the US believe smoking should never be allowed in indoor areas of workplaces; and about 64% of employed cigarette smokers agree.  Also provides state-level data on attitudes toward workplace smoking and on exposure to secondhand smoke.

·         Fewer Hospitalizations for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Communities with Smoke-Free Public Policies. American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014).  Strong smoke-free public policies may provide protection against COPD hospitalizations, particularly after 12 months, with the potential to save lives and decrease health care costs.

·         Association between Current Asthma and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Vehicles among Adults Living in Four US States. Tobacco Control (Epub ahead of print, May 2, 2014).  Never-smoking adults recently exposed to SHS in a vehicle had higher odds of having current asthma compared with unexposed adults. 

·         Smokefree Tribal Casinos. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights (May 2014). The publication provides information to educate people about the benefits of smokefree air.

       

TARGET POPULATION:  Asian/Pacific Islander American

·         Determinants of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke among Vietnamese Adults: California Vietnamese Adult Tobacco Use Survey, 2007-2008. Preventing Chronic Disease (May 15, 2014). 30% of nonsmokers were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home, 8% at work, 52% in bars, and 67% on a college campus.

TARGET POPULATION:  Persons with Disability

·         Disparities in Current Cigarette Smoking Prevalence by Type of Disability, 2009-2011. Public Health Reports (May 2014).  Adults with a disability were more likely than adults without a disability to be current smokers (38.8% vs. 20.7%). Among adults with disabilities, the prevalence of smoking ranged from 32.4% (self-care difficulty) to 43.8% (cognitive limitation).

TARGET POPULATION:  Health Care Providers

·         Cardiology Patient Page:  E-Cigarettes. Circulation (May 13, 2014) Review of the products and guidance for clinicians when talking to patients. 

TARGET POPULATION:  Hispanic/Latino

·         Hispanic Trends Newsletter.  Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project, which seeks to improve public understanding of the diverse Hispanic population in the U.S, has launched a twice-monthly digest of new research findings, analysis and news.

Target population: Persons with HIV/AIDS

·         A Review of the Literature Concerning HIV and Cigarette Smoking: Morbidity and Mortality, Associations with Individual- and Social-level Characteristics, and Smoking Cessation Efforts. Addiction Research & Theory (online on May 19, 2014). Topics include: morbidity, mortality, treatment and medication adherence outcomes; individual- and social-level characteristics associated with various smoking behaviors; evidence-based smoking cessation interventions; and findings from cessation interventions among smokers with HIV.

·         The Unique Challenges Facing HIV-Positive Patients Who Smoke Cigarettes: HIV Viremia, Art Adherence, Engagement in HIV care, and Concurrent Substance Use. AIDS and Behavior (Epub ahead of print, Apr 27, 2014). Findings underscore the need for integrated behavioral smoking cessation interventions and routine tobacco screenings in HIV primary care.  

TARGET POPULATION:  Lesbian/Gay/Bi-Sexual/Transgendered (LGBT)

·         Awareness of Media-Based Antitobacco Messages among a Community Sample of LGBT Individuals. Health Promotion Practice (Epub ahead of print, May 6, 2014).  Despite frequent readership, awareness of antitobacco messages in LGBT newspapers/magazines was quite low, which may be a result of the absence of antitobacco messages in LGBT-related media.

·         Sexual Orientation Disparities in Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: Intersections with Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age.  American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014).  Sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, gender, and age should be considered in research and practice to better understand and reduce disparities in adolescent smoking.

·         Health and Health Risks Among Sexual Minority Women: An Examination of 3 Subgroups.  American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014). We used 2001–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine insurance status, source of routine care, cigarette and alcohol use, and self-rated health among lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women who have sex with women.

TARGET POPULATION:  Light/Intermittent/Social Users

·         Characteristics of Adolescent Intermittent (ITS) and Daily Smokers (DS).  Addictive Behaviors (May 5, 2014). ITS started smoking at an older age, smoked fewer cigarettes per day and scored significantly lower on addiction scales, but had similar difficulty to DS in quitting smoking with similar numbers of reported quit attempts.

Target Population:  Women and Girls

·         Knowledge and Attitudes of Adults towards Smoking in Pregnancy: Results from the HealthStyles(c) 2008 Survey. Maternal and Child Health Journal (Epub ahead of print, May 14, 2014). Only 15 % of all respondents and 23 % of reproductive-aged women had high knowledge of the adverse effects of prenatal smoking on pregnancy outcomes.

TARGET POPULATION:  Youth/Young Adults

·         New Youth Fact Sheets.  CDC (2014).  New national and state-specific fact sheets on youth and tobacco, including data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (9th–12th grade students), including the percentage of high school students who smoke cigarettes and who use other tobacco products, and the 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study which describes characteristics of health education, family and community involvement, and the school environment among U.S. high schools that may help to address the problem.   

·         Understanding the links between education and smoking. Social Science Research (Available online 17 May 2014) School policies, peers, and youths’ mortality expectations predict smoking in adulthood; smoking status at age 16 predicts both completed education and adult smoking.

·         Changes in Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors toward Tobacco and Marijuana during U.S. Students' First Year of College. Tobacco Use Insights (Apr 16, 2013). Attitudes, intentions, and behaviors changed significantly towards favored use. Predictors of use varied by substance, suggesting that different prevention approaches may be beneficial.

·         Steps in Tailoring a Text Messaging-Based Smoking Cessation Program for Young Adults. Journal of Health Communication (Epub ahead of print, Apr 25, 2014). Findings suggest that young adults prefer messages that provide concrete behavioral strategies to overcome cravings, and which are positive in tone. Craigslist was the most efficient recruitment method and yielded a sample that was racially and economically diverse.

·         Tobacco's Hidden Children: Hazardous Child Labor in US Tobacco Farming. Human Rights Watch (May 2014).  The report documents conditions for children working on tobacco farms. Children reported symptoms consistent with acute nicotine poisoning, many worked long hours without overtime pay, often in extreme heat without shade or sufficient breaks, with no or inadequate protective gear.

TOBACCO CESSATION

·         Risk Perception and Intention to Quit Among a Tri-Ethnic Sample of Nondaily, Light Daily, and Moderate/Heavy Daily Smokers.   Addictive Behaviors (Available online May 17, 2014). Greater risk perception was associated with higher odds of planning to quit within 6 months. Smoking level did not moderate this association.

·         Medicaid Cessation Coverage Roundtable Report.  North American Quitline Consortium (Apr, 2014).  Roundtable Discussion considering the issues of maximizing the impact of the ACA on access to, and coverage of, tobacco cessation for Medicaid enrollees.

·         The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Affordable Care Act: Implications for Coverage of Tobacco Cessation Benefits.  Tobacco Control Legal Consortium (March 2014). Some of the most frequently asked questions about how the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the ACA affect insurance coverage for tobacco cessation benefits as a type of substance use disorder. 

·         Levels of Evidence for Quitline Practices – 2014 Update.  North American Quitline Consortium (2014).  This document lists 28 quitline practices and scores each according to the amount and quality of evidence that it helps quitlines increase either their reach or quit rates.

TOBACCO MARKETING/ADVERTISING/PROMOTION

·         Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Television Advertisements Among Youth and Young Adults.  Pediatrics (Published online June 2, 2014).  Youth exposure to television e-cigarette advertisements, measured by target rating points, increased 256% from 2011 to 2013. Young adult exposure increased 321% over the same period.

·         Reduced Harm or another Gateway to Smoking? Source, Message, and Information Characteristics of E-Cigarette Videos on YouTube. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives (May 2014).  85% of the videos were sponsored by marketers. These videos highlight e-cigarettes' economic and social benefits, featuring a low level of fear appeal and negative message valence and a high level of marketing information about e-cigarette products.

·         The Effect of Exposure to Pro-Tobacco Advertising on Experimentation with Emerging Tobacco Products among U.S. Adolescents. Health Education & Behavior (Jun 2014). Measures the association between experimentation with snus and e-cigarettes and exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements from three sources: over the Internet, newspapers/magazines, and retail stores.

·         Vaporized: E-Cigarettes, Advertising, and Youth. Legacy (May 2014). Two studies regarding e-cigarette advertising and its impact on youth. The first surveyed teenagers and young adults to learn about their e-cigarette awareness, use, and advertising awareness. The second analyzed e-cigarette media expenditure data to understand whether and how e-cigarette advertising is reaching young people.

·         The Haverstraw Experience: The First Tobacco Product Display Ban in the US.  American Journal of Public Health (Jun 2014). In April 2012, the village of Haverstraw, New York, passed the first tobacco retail display ban in the US.  Includes a discussion on lessons learned and next steps for adoption of local point-of-sale policies.

·         May Tobacco Surveillance Update. Trinkets and Trash (May 2014). Updates on new Camel Crush and Snus interactive mailing, NJOY product line and flavor expansion news, and other cigarette brand and smokeless tobacco news.